Unemployment problem & solve with bangladegh survey

                                                      INTRODUCTION

Unemployment is a great concern in Bangladesh. Every year hundreds of thousands student are coming out from college and university. Though it is one of the major responsibilities of the Government to provide job to those young generation but the Government is failed to meet the job demand among the large population. Only a tiny fraction of total jobless is managed by different government offices and private organization but a majority remain unemployed.

Unemployment rate:

Country	1996	2001	2003	2005	2006	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Bangladesh	35.2	35	40	40	40	2.5	2.5	2.5	5.1	4.8

note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many participants in the labor force work only a few hours a week, at low wages

Source: CIA World Factbook

Effect of unemployment problem :
The effects of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh are analyzed to identify a relationship between migration and underdevelopment. Poverty, unemployment and natural hazards appear to be the main reasons for the rural exodus. The preference for moving to a large city is found to be determined by the urban bias in planning both by national and international authorities, and by the public amenities and resources available in the urban areas.

An analysis of the levels and trends in urbanization reveals the notable role of rural-urban migration in the rapid growth of the urban population. Most migrants are young, unmarried males of working age. A case study of migrants in Dhaka City illustrates the reasons for and consequences of migration. It is concluded that rural-urban migration is mainly a survival strategy of the rural poor.

Bangladesh, like other developing countries, suffers from large-scale disguised unemployment in the sense that, even with unchanged techniques of agriculture a large part of the population engaged in agriculture could be removed without reducing agricultural output.Beyond agriculture, disguised unemployment is also existing in large industries, offices and organizations, particularly in the public sector. Unemployment among the educated youths is one of the major problems in Bangladesh. The unemployment rate for the population having secondary school certificate level education and above is significantly higher than those with a lower level of education. The unemployment rate for educated women is higher compared to that for the male population. In Bangladesh salaried/wage employment in the formal sectors is not big enough to take care of the huge number of unemployed.Employment promotion, especially, creation of self-employment opportunities, continues as the most important functions of the Bureau of Manpower Employment and Training. The Fifth Five-Year Plan for 1997-2002 had set a target of creating additional employment of 6.35 million persons. Of this, a total of 1,60,000 persons are expected to be engaged in self-employment. Emphasis had been given on training and credit support to women micro entrepreneurs in cottage industries and other traditional and non-traditional sectors including skill development for service industries and other non-farm activities. The private sector and NGOs are also playing a vital role to this end

How To Solve Unemployment Problem?

Bangladesh is a densely populated country. In here, job opportunities for all the people are quiet difficult. To solve this problem create new job opportunity to the people. But, to identify the job sector is the quiet difficult to any person. In this situation, only one sector can give good output to create job opportunity to unemployed people. This sector is the agriculture. In research of many international agricultural institutes proved that the land of Bangladesh is so fertile and this land is favorable to grow most of the tree in the other country. Bangladesh import large amount of fruit and fruit related finished product from foreign countries .but it is possible to grow such kind of fruit in our land. As a result this agricultural sector will be developed. More people will be interested in this sector and more job opportunity will be created. Example: The cultivation of straw berry is so profitable and it has great demand in foreign and in our country.

Unemployed people engaged themselves in this profession and developed our country. But to develop this sector govt. must be come forward to patronize and create training institute of those people who are interested in this sector. It is only example of straw berry cultivation. But there are much opportunity to cultivate other fruit and as a result fruit based industry will be developed as the availability of fruit. Apple, Mango, Orange, Grape are the source of the more profitable sector in agriculture. But it is prejudice that agriculture is the sector of lower categories person, but it is not correct. When we see foreign country that their countryman has not this prejudice, they respect at their agriculture. So, we should remove this prejudice in our society and establish more fruit farm to remove unemployed problem. The govt. and pvt. Bank must come forward to extend this sector and invest their money in this sector.

There are a few types of unemployment:

1. Involuntary (most common)
2. Voluntary
3. Transient

Involuntary is where someone can not gain employment even though they are trying. there are numerous causes of this, here a few:

• Lack of skills
• Lack of available jobs
• Lack of entrepreneurship
• Geographical (unable to reach available geographical locations with available work)
• Unemployable (usually the long-term unemployed, have not worked for so long no one will take them on)

Voluntary Unemployment: someone chooses not to work: Why?

• The benefit system in place is too generous (i.e. no incentive to return to work)
• Too wealthy to need to work
• Criminal behaviour and also criminal record

Transient, means that they are currently between jobs and will have a month or two off between one job and the next.. this is sometimes referenced to as the 'natural' rate of unemployment.
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Other notable economic theories are that of 'efficiency wages' causing the cost of employing workers as being too high, having been driven up by Company A offering the best employee £100, then company B offering the same employee £110 to join them and so on, causing an inflation in the value of the employees with the best skills and the less skilled workers being left behind... this then leads to uncompetitive prices for both company A and B to produce internationally and invariably they will have to either close business, or shed some workforce.. both of which cause unemployment.
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Another big cause can be a shift in the export market of an economy... a good example was in the UK during the early 20th century:
Britain was heavily focused on the cotton and coal industries at the turn of the century.. there was however an international shift occurring where India was taking over their coal and a rise in oil production was leading a shift away from coal.. Britain got left behind and it took a long time to train citizens in new skills to move toward manufacturing and technology
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Unemployment is caused by economical collapse, such as the Great Depression of the 1930's. Since Supply & Demand is the sole factor on the economical scale, if items are not sold or bought within a country, then that country will literally close businesses since nothing is being purchased and workers will lose their jobs. Employment is based entirely on sales and stocks, or simply put, Supply & Demand.
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From a Keynesian perspective, full employment occurs where an economy is at full employment. Therefore, unemployment is caused by a decrease in aggregate demand for firm's goods and services, meaning that they do not produce as much and do not require as much labour - creating unemployment.
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The Classical theory of unemployment is where firms cannot make a profit from the sale of goods and services due to a higher cost of employing workers.
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1. laziness
2. lack of socialization
3. mental stress
4. lack of self esteem
5. Poor personality
The main causes are Mental/Physical Disabilities, The 2008-2009 economic recession, Lack of education/skills.